Metal scarfing apparatus



plI 6, 1955 c. s. HULToN ETAL 3,l76,971

METAL SCARFING APPARATUS 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Oct. 8, 1962 a.. www Y.mlmmw n Wgr@ A V ru winni/y amsn #new .Mm

April 6, 196s c. s. Humm ETAL 3,176,971

METAL SGARFING AE'PARATUS 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed OCT.. 8, 1962 INVENTORSCharles 52 l/alan William Z'flemirz A TTY.

lames gram IV. mfz' alAer BY m April 6, 1965 cls. s. HULTON ETAL METALSCARFIN'G APPARATUS 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed Oct. 8, 1962 INVENTORS liam,flemiltg 3,176,97 METAL SCARFNG APPARATUS Charles S. Hulten,Cincinnati, Wiliiam T. Fleming, Silverton, and .laines D. Burning,Terrace Park, hio, and VV @rmt Stalker, Pittsburgh,Y Pa., assignors toThe Kiri: and Blum Manufacturing Company, Cincinnati Ghia, a corporationoi @his Fliedct. 8, i962, Ser. No. 223,385

6 Ciaims. tCl. 26o-23) Y The present invention relates to the removal ofdefects from the surfaces lof senii-nished steel billets and isparticularly directed to improved scariing apparatus, usetul in thesteel industry, for the removal of defective surface metal fromsteelbillets by the use oi hand operated oxygen and natural gas torches.

. Defective surface removal from semi-finished steel billets, slabs andblooms by hand scaring has long been practiced in the steel industry andtoday a large percentage of all conditioned steel is processed by saidhand scarng method. The hand scarring method consists of directing andprogressively advancing the jet ilarne of an oxygen and natural gastorch onto the defective surface of the billet so that the oxygenrapidly oxidizes the sur- V:face thus generating a high temperature thatcauses the oxidized prcducet to becomerliquid, the kinetic 'energydeveloped by the jet forcing the liquid away from the United StatesPatent lihsll n Patented Apr, n, 3955 port and protect the operatorthrough the scariing cycle carried out by the apparatus.

Other and further objects of the present invention will in part beobvious and will in part become apparent from billet surface and out ofthe path of the torch. Attire present time this hand operated scartingmethod is performed by skilled operators on foot and its locus is arelatively open conditioning area necessitated by the fumes, dust anddeleterious gasses produced by the oXidiz ing step.

It is an object of this invention to provide a sate and cicient steelbillet scariing apparatus that will materially increase the steeltonnage produced by hand scarring and which will carry 0E and dispose ofthe deleterious fumes and dust created by the volatilization andoxidation o the metal surface product.

One of the features of the present invention is the provision of aself-propelled car movable in a direction paralleling the longitudinalaxis of a stationary billet, Vthe car having an operators stationthereon located above the billet; a hand torch being carried on the carfor manipulation by the operator and extending laterally from the carinto scariing position relative to the work.

Another object of the invention is to provide a novel scarng apparatusthat has a self-propelled means for advancing a conditioning torch alongthe surface of a steel billet to be scarfed and 'at a speed and in adirection that is under the direct control of the operator, saidapparatus including an improved fume and dustexhaust means coordinatedwith the direction of movementof the self-propelled means. i Y

Yet another object ofthis invention is the provision of a scaringapparatus having the foregoing characteristics Y which has a meanswhereby scarring may be done on the elongated billet in both directions,thereby reducing the time or" the scariing operation.

' A further object of the invention is the attainment of a substantialincrease in the width of defective surface removal with each pass of amanipulative scariing torch along a billet by the provision of mobilemeans for supporting the weight of the scarng torch whilst obtainingmore accurate and facile manipulation or" the torch by the operator. y

A still further object of this invention is to provide an improved fumeand dust entrainment and exhaust system for scariing apparatus that willinsure a clear and unobstructed view of the defective billet surface bythe operator during the scarting process; said system including a fumeand dust entraining and exhaust inlet located ada consideration of thefollowing detailed description of a preferred, but notnecessarily theonly form of the invention taken in connection with the drawingsaccompanying and forming a part of this specification. In the drawings:FiG. l is a tragmental plan view of the metal scarng apparatus of thisinvention.

FIG. 2 is a section taken on line 2-2 of FIG. 1.

FIG. 3 is an enlarged, fragmental plan View of the chair carriage andassociated mechanism for the scarng apparatus shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. Y

FiG. 4^is a section taken on line 4 4 of FIG. 3.

FIG. 5 is an enlarged section taken on line 5-5 of PlG. 2.

HG. 6 is a section on line 6-6 of FIG. 5.

FIG. 7 is a diagrammatic view illustrating the electrical system `forthe scarling apparatus shown in FIGS. 1-6 oi the drawings. v K

In the drawings the numeral refers to an elongated steel billetrequiring surface scarng, the dimensions of conventional billets of thistype being 17 ft. in length and khaving square sections between 4 to 14"on the sides.

This billet is positioned upon the usual worlrholder 1li and hold thebillet in a horizontal condition with a'face thereof in position for thescarring operation.`

A pair of rails T12-l2 are located in the conditioning 'area beside thebilletl holder i1 and are preferablyvpositioned so that the railsparallel the longitudinal dimension of a billet il? on the holder. A carthis mounted upon the rails 12-l2 for longitudinal, reciprocatingmovement relative to the billet and may comprise laterally spaced apartand longitudinally extending I-bearns i4 held together in a rigid frameby several transverse members l5. Twopairs of wheels' i6 and i7 supportthe frame on the rails, the suspension for each pair of wheels beingbest shown in FIG. 2 wherein 18 indicates bearings depending from theframe and rotatably mounting a transverse axle 19 or'the pair offlanged, 'rail contacting wheelsv i7. The car is self-propelled back andforth on the rails by a power means which takes the form of amulti-speed, reversible *electricr motor 29 mounted on the frame of thecar and actuated from a source of direct electric current. As indicatedin' FIG. l the motor is directly connected to the projected axle l9'ofthe pair of wheels 17 by a-sprocket and chain arrangement generallyindicated by the reference numeral 2l. y Y' l Mounted upon the car 13 isa laterally extending track Z2 hav-ing an inboard end 23 locatedwithinthe confines 'of thecar frame and an outboard end 2d projectinglater- 3 and 4 the tra-ck consists of a pair of laterally extending,

confronting channels 25-25 rigidly secured together by an inboard endmemberZo Iand an outboard end member 27, the inborard portions of thechannel being secured l to thevI-beams 14 by welding, or the like.` Ala'tenally shiftable' carriage, generally indicated Vin the drawing' byreference numeral Z3, is movablyguided back and forth in the track 22between the inbolard ,and theoutboard i As'best'shown in FIG.

'-ten'ds laterally downward-ly. from the Ybillet 'confronting emmneeiner.

endsthereof, and, asseen in FIG.v 4, the carriage isconstructedfrom'apar of confronting side channels29'-29 that have a topplate 30 and la bottom plate 31 welded,

or otherwise `secured to the upper and lower anges, re-

='spect ively,-ofithe.channels 29-29. Wheels 32 larerotatablyfmounted.on' the channels of the carri-age and runingthechannels' 25-25 ofthe` lateral track 22. Thecar has an operatorsstation positioned Vlabovethe bille-t which :comprises 'a means 33supported upon aventical filpedestalf34whioh inturn is mounted onthecentral por- -tionof-thecarr-iage 28 forpivotalr movement around the yaxis of the pedestal. To this end the/.lower part (FIGS. 3

y.and 4) of the pedestal is mounted freely in bearings'35 'an'dl3.6lsecure`d onthe ythecarriage` v'1. theusual scarng tool 99 exseatedon the chair means 33, the usual `controls for the torch (not shown)beingnear'the in easy reach-of. the operator. t Y The carriage'istraversed between the track ends by a upper end thereof withplates 30:and 31;, respectively, of Y haust .connection between 4nozzle 551011 theconnectorA duct 53. 'An air tight sliding ,the fume exhaust intake ductsand, as best shownin FlGS.`

reversible,V electric motor `37- bolted to a mounting plate Y 38 on*vthe inboardf end'of the track; said motor being adaptedto drive aV pairofy end sprockets 39-39 rotatably mounted on a shaft 4tl journaled atits ends Vin the Ychannels 2 5-#25 of the' track. Thel sprockets meshwith 41 -41which pass around end sprockets 42-42 journaled-'on 1a crossshaft 421 journaled in the outboard end of the track, thecon'onting endsof the upper 1 reaches of the chainsjb'eing fastened' toopposed sides ofthe cariilagefZS by bolts.43. Thus when the motor 37 is actuated theAcarriage. will bemovedfrom the outboard '.endfof the-track. to theiin-board end thereof, and return, as required. v Y Y is'conternplatedlthat in either end chainpivotingmechanismwhich is made operativebytheshifting'movement of the carriage andwhich preferjably-comprises asprocket 44k (FIGS, .3 and 14) mountedon i V'the'carriage land,,mashedvvwith the' lower reach of one.

(51.121111. 41, `said sprocket drivinga shaft .45 :on Speed v reductionvunitnt positionedwithn the carriage. The 'output side ,ofthe unit' `4,6isconneeted to a worm gear 47"that .meshe is withapinion'48 xedv on thepedestal 34 o f thechair between its supporting bearingslS andY thecarriage 28.` is shifted from the outboard positron shownin full`'lmesin FIG.` 21o the. inboarddotted lineppsition Qfthechainthe chairwill-be pivoted 180 'to assumegjav confronting. position on` theinboardside jandr'when thetraversing mechanism. Ymoves the- Vchair ffronrthedotted lineinboardposition of the device to the outboarid position thevchair,v .will again be pivoted on its Y position ofthe carv jnage thechair means 33 will. confront the billet VandV toinsurethesejconfronting positions we utilize an autoconnection is securedbetween the header and the nozzle preferably by means of a pair offlexible lips 58 secured to theV header on each side Yof the slot 56 andadapted to be normally Vin engaged, closed condition.V Portions of` the'lips are spread apart by interposition of the nozzle therebetween,plowgportions'59 60V being formed' on V'op'posedrends of therno-Z'zletopermit read-y opening and closing of the lip, portionsaroundlV-thernozzleas it moves back and forth relative to thestatibnaryiheader. 5 7.

The stationary Aexhaust header '57. is connected at each y. of its endsto a longitudinalexhaustduct 60 through endV elbow ducts `61 and 62; theexhaustduct 6) being conpulley and belt arrangement68.

A UshapedV pipe l69 andk 70v is positioned around three Y i sides ofeach of the openings-51 and 52f,frespectively, of

5 and 6,- each U--shalgied vpipe isY provided with a row of upwardly andinwardly directedV jet openings 71 which j induce a. ow of airthatwillVeiec-tively entrain fumes and particlesand` move them intovthey exhaustducts from 'around .the upper portions of the billet located subjacentthe Vsaid intakeopenings. Referring to FIG. `1 the U- shaped'pipes y69and 7 0 have inwardly'extendingilines 72 and-773, respectively, whichare connected together at their inner. ends `byja i*i"74,V the T beingconnected. to an air corrn'nressor 75 on the vcarjby a line 76, saidair' compressor being operated. by an electric motor 76 also mounted onthe car. Y j

Each ofthe fume and dust exhaust ducts 49' andvSl) .has a. damper. 77and 78, respectively,V rotatably mounted therein,V saidrdarnpers beingindividually operated Lby aV Y 1 nected by a` hose 82 to the respectivecompressed airV lines t `72 and 73.r Referring particularly to FIG.. 3it will be Y 'electricity'flfby means of la vstarterftt'yandthat said jY' Vseen thateachcompressed Iair. line 72 and 73 has a carriage operatedshut olfV Vvalve 831 and 84, respectively, interposedthereimsaid shutofflvalves being .operated by 'pins SKSand. 86, respectively, 'dependingfrom the carriagetl.`

The operation .of Vthe Iscarng apparatuswill now be the fan'exhauststructure 63r is `actuated from a source. of

, Vmotor and fan exhaust structure .are Vcontinuously oppedes a' L80 toagain` assumethe full linerpositionconanddust exhaust ,ducts 49 and 50Yare mounted vupon and extend upwardly front the car'frame4 13 and 'eachduotlliasa downwardly openingintake 5,1- and 52, gres'pectively, located:superi-jacentthe billet110. Referring to l.FIGn-I ofY the,drawingsitrvwill be seen. that the, fume .and dust enhaustductsare located one oneach side of 'eaohoff said ducts 49 andtlhaving a'4 gravityl dust trap.inthe slot to .permitj,rnovenlentA of thev car 13 back and YVlortlvr-"on thetrack22Whilstprovidiug; a. continuousvex-,the-uarriag'e'tr-ack 22 and that the ducts communicate j Y witheachotherthrough anoverhead connector-duct 53,

elatedduring-,userof thescarng apparatus. Y Electricity Aisintroducedinto a; collector. rail .89. .'(FIGS. 2 and 7 Yby'alinellunder the control of a master switch 91 and two ylimit stop-switches92-92lladapted for locationrone 9Lrnounted-thereonand slidable in thecollector rail S9,

t said .electric current. being. suppliedfrom the consulto the oarmotor. 201 through an A.C.'D.C. `convertor93wand a vpflastercontrol*switch94,y Thespeed and; braking ofthe car motor-'20 inone direction Vof, movement of theV car .is controlled`r by Va firstcontrol-'means which takesy theV form of apedal'switch 95 mounted onthechair means Y 2j8whilst the-'speed and'braking ofthe motor 2t) in theoppositefdirection ofcargmovementis controlled by al. .second controlmeans which may bev a pedal switch 9 Y' ,alsornounted on thechaircarriage.vr Y

The chair carriage. is. .shiftableiby actuation *ofV `the power.meansjland thi'smovernent is,l controlled l from g -v the `stationaryheader and theV 'Y the chair by a third control means which may take theform of a two-position manual switch 97 located near the operatorschair, Chair carriage limit stop switches l-98 are adapted for locationat each end of the track 22 and are actuated by the carriage todetermine the inboard and :the outboard positions of the chair carriage.

Now, when an operator, seated on the chair means 33 at the voperatorsstation, wishes to initiate the scarling on the billet l@ the chair willbe in billet confronting position at one end and to one side of thebillet. The jet tip of the scarting torch l,"7 is then brought intoscarng position adjacent the surface of the` billet to be soarfed, itbeing understood that the jet is faced in the direction of advancementof the operation along said surface. lt is now thought practical toscarf a path not greater than two inches in width along the surface ofthe billet and it therefore requires several soarlng passes to treateach of the four surfaces thereof. lt may also be possible with theapparatus herein to scarf a path four inches in width in one passthereby providing an apparatus that will scarf one st 'face of a billetin a single pass thereacross. ith tbc anpe-ratas in the condition shownin FlG. l it will be seen that scariing is being accomplished in adirection from the bottom to the top of the ligure with the operatorschair on the outboard side of the track 22. The speed of the car iscontrolled by the operator through pedal switch 95 which actuates' thecar motor whilst the scarring torch is manipulated to secure the bestoxidation ofthe billet surface as the car advances the operators stationalong the length of the billet. For reasons of economy only one fume anddust exhaust duct 49 is operative during this scarling pass, the damper'i7 being shown in open position in the leading exhaust duct whilst thedamper 7S in the trailing exhaust duct Sil is in closed position torender that duct inoerative.

When the longitudinal scarilng pass has been completed, i.e. when thetip of the torch reaches the end of the billet a return pass along theopposite side ofthe billet is initiated by shifting the carinage fromits outboard position relative to the billet to the inboard side of thebillet. rlhis is readily accomplished by the operator through actuationof the control switch 97 which puts the carriage traversing motori inoperation, r'the chair carriage will then be shifted on the track fromthe position shown in full lines in elG. 2 to its dotted line positionshot rn therein, the chair pivoting means being automati-` callyoperative during shifting movement to turn the chair 139 from itsoutboard billet confronting position to the inboard billet confrontingposition. During the carriage shifting motion compressed air valves S3and are op erstei by the pair of pins S5 and 56, respectively, on thechair carriage Si) which closes the damper 77 in exhaust duct and opensdamper 78 in the exhaust duct Sii.

.ln the inboard chair position the operator now moves the car in adirection from the top of FlG. 2 to the bottom thereof by operatingpedal 9o and controlling the speed of the return pass of the oar by thepedal $5', the

return pass being concluded when the torch reaches the opposed end ofthe billet, whereafter the chair is shifted on the track baci; to itsoutboard billet confronting position. surface of the billet iscompletely scarfed, whereafter the billet is turned on its support andthe operation continues `again untilall four surfaces or the billet havebeen scarfed.

What is claimed is:

l. Apparatus for scariing the surface of a metal billet held stationaryupon a billet holder comprising a rail positioned beside the billetholder, a car on the rail, a reversible, multispeed power means formoving the car on the rail in opposite longitudinally directed Scartingmotions relative to the billet, a track mounted on the car above thelevel of the billet and at right angles to the rail, said track havingan inboard end located on one side of the billet andan outboard endVlocated on the The operation thus described is repeated until a Clt 5opposite side ofthe billet, a Icarriage reciprocable from end-to-end onthe track, an operatorfs chair pivotally mounted on the carriage andadapted to confront the billet at each end of travel on the track, powermeans on the car for eecting traverse of the carriage on the track,automatically operated means for pivoting' the orierators chairduringreciprocating movement of the carriage 'on the track, a torchprojecting from the confronting side of the car downwardly into scarflngposition relative toV the billet surface, pedal control means on thecarriage adjacent the operators chair fonactuatin'g the power means tocontrol the speed and directicrrof travel of the car on the rail,control means on the carriage accessible at the operators seat toactuate the carriage traversing power means, a fume exhaust intake meanspositionedV on the Vcar on each side of the track and locatedsuperjacent the billet, a stationary header located parallel to therail, means on the car connecting each of the fume exhaust intake meanswit-h the` header, Vand automatically operated means controlled by thedirectional movement of the car for rendering one of the intake meansoperative and the opposed intake means inoperative.

2. Apparatus for scariing metal billets comprising an elongated' billetholder, a rail 4positioned beside and parallel to the billet holder, lacar movable on the rail, power means on the car for moving the car backand forth on the rail alongside the billet holder and between end limitsof motion corresponding to the ends of the billet on the holder, a trackmounted on the car laterally and `above the level of thebillet on theholder, anl operators carriage movable laterally on theftrack and acrossthe billet, pedal means on the carriage controlling the speed ofmovement of the .car on the rail ineitlier direction of longitudinaltravel thereon and adapted to stop the car at its limits of longitudinaltravel, control means at the operatoris station for traversing thecarriage on the track when the car has stopped at each end of itslongitudinal movement, a torch projecting from the confronting end ofthe carriage downwardly into scariing position relative to the billet,automatic means for changing the position of the chair from a billetconfronting position on one side of the billet to an opposed `-billetconfronting position on the other side of the billet, and fume exhaustmeans on the Car having a pair of intakes located closely above thelevel of` the'billet and on opposite sides of the operators station, andmeans for rendering `the fume exhaust means on the leading side of theoperatorsrstation operative and the opposed fume exhaust meansinoperative in each direction of travel of the car.

3. in a machine for scariing the surface of an elongated billet heldstation-ary on a work'holder, the combination of a longitudinallyreciprocal car adjacent and parallel `to the billet, a power means foreffecting reciprocation of the car relative to the billet, a laterallyshiftable carriage mounted on the car above the billet and having limitsof motion located on opposite sides of the billet, power means operableat each limit of motion of the car for shifting the carriage, anoperators chair means upon the carriage, means for pivotally mountingthe chair means on the carriage, means operable during lateralV shiftingmovement of the carriage for pivoting the chair means from laconfronting position relative to one side of the billet to a confrontingposition on the 'opposite l side of the billet, a scarng torch extendingdownwardly from the billet confronting side of the chair, chair mountedmeans for holding the scaring torch in relation with the surface of thebillet and adapted for limited manipulative movement from the chairmeans, a jet tip on the'terminal end of the torchprojectinglongitudinallyV therefrom in the direction of scariing movement of thecar, a fume exhaust means mounted onv the car on each side of thecarriage and each means being located in advance of the jet tip withrespect to the scarfing move-V ment of the car, means operable by theshifting move- 1 attuativa of -th mentfoffthecarriage Afor renderingoperative the ufume EXhaUSt; means `in., advance; of tha torchY and`Simultaneously/rendering rthetrailingfume exhaust lmeans inop-Qera-tive, a first cont-rol; rrieansA at the. chair means eiecting carpowermeans` in onej ear direction, .@acond Qontrol-.means ,at the-.Chair meansffor, Securing factuationV ofgthecargpovyer,V means in theogposite car4 'y direction, and a third. controlli-means at thechairVmeansY ,ffor'elietn-sfsl1fting ritmi/eme.nt Of the .Carriagev apparatusas set fortltt in4 claim 3v wherein the v Vfume exhaustgmeeans on eachYside of the carriage con- -sistsrofe-anE,exhaust'duct havin'gits intakelocated superfiasnt the., billet-and hai/ineen upwardly and .inwardlyydiretedyrownofL-j'et openings, located, around theinterior Vlofythe.intakeendfof the duct-to induce the How of exhaust JairV intotheduct, Y f r 5.. Apparatus forrscrarng the Vsurface `of a metal billetheld stationery YuponY a billet holder comprising a rail positionedbeside the billet holder, a ca r on the rail, a Reversible'power'meansVfor moving the VAcar on the rail .inopposrite, ,longitudinallydirectedfsoarfing motions relativeL to the billet, latrack mounted on the carabove the levelof the Vbilletand atright angles `tothe rail,. saidtrackhaving end's-,looated onfopposite sides oftheV billet,

Y jaV carriagerecriprocable, from, end-to-end on ther track, an YY,.operators;chair', pivotally mounted on the carriage and adaptedttoconfront the billet at each end of its travel son the. track, powermeansvfor etecting traverse of thev -means 'for holding the scarlingVtorch in relation Vto the Isurface of the billet-and adapted forlimited manipulative movement from the chair means.

' -6. In a machine for scarng the' surface ofvan'elongated billetheldstationary on a work holder, the combination ofa longitudinallyreciprocal :carl adjacent andparallel l l, to the billet,j power meansforeifecting reoiprocation of the `car relative to the'billet, allaterally shiftable carriage mounted-upon the car above the billet andhaving limits vof motion located on opposite sides of the billet, powermeans operable at each limit of motion of the carefor shifting thecarriage, anroperators chair means on the Acarriage, means'operableduring lateral shifting movementV fof the carriage for pivotingV thechair means into conv carriage onV the track,V automatically operatedmeans for -pivotinga-the operatoris chairxduring reciprocating movementof the carriage on the track, a scarng torch convtrolled fromrthevoperatorsstation Vand extending laterally fronting positions relativeto; the side-s of the billet, ]a

scarng torch extending downwardly fromqthe billet conf f frontingv side,of the chair, andV a chair mounted means holding thel scarng torchinrelation to the surface of the billet and Vadapted for Ylimitedmanipulative move- Y and downwardly fromV the said station, and chairmounted MGRRISV 0. WOLK, Primary-Examiner.

DELBERT E, GANT'Z, Examiner.

1. APPARATUS FOR SCARFING THE SURFACE OF A METAL BILLET HELD STATIONARYUPON A BILLET HOLDER COMPRISING A RAIL POSITIONED BESIDE THE BILLETHOLDER, A CAR ON THE RAIL, A REVERSIBLE, MULTISEED POWER MEANS FORMOVING THE CAR ON THE RAIL IN OPPOSITE LONGITUDINALLY DIRECTED SCARFINGMOTIONS RELATIVE TO THE BILLET, A TRACK MOUNTED ON THE CAR ABOVE THELEVEL OF THE BILLET AND AT RIGHT ANGLES TO THE RAIL, SAID TRACK HAVINGAN INBOARD END LOCATED ON THE SIDE OF THE BILLET AND AN OUTBOARD ENDLOCATED ON ONE OPPOSITE SIDE OF THE BILLET, A CARRIAGE RECIPROCABLE FROMEND-TO-END ON THE TRACK, AN OPERATOR''S CHAIR PIVOTALLY MOUNTED ON THECARRIAGE AND ADAPTED TO CONFRONT THE BILLET AT EACH END OF TRAVEL ON THETRACK, POWER MEANS TO THE CAR FOR EFFECTING TRANSVERSE OF THE CARRIAGEON THE TRACK, AUTOMATICALLY OPERATED MEANS FOR PIVOTING THE OPERATOR''SCHAIR DURING RECIPROCATING MOVEMENT OF THE CARRIAGE ON THE TRACK, ATORCH PROJECTING FROM THE CONFRONTING SIDE OF THE CAR DOWNWARDLY INTOSCARFING POSITION RELATIVE TO THE BILLET SURFACE, PEDAL CONTROL MEANS ONTHE CARRIAGE ADJACENT THE OPERATOR''S CHAIR FOR ACTUATING THE POWERMEANS TO CONTROL THE SPEED AND DIRECTION OF TRAVEL OF THE CAR ON THERAIL, CONTROL MEANS ON THE CARRIAGE ACCESSIBLE AT THE OPERATOR''S SEATTO ACTUATE THE CARRIAGE TRAVERSING POWER MEANS, A FUME EXHAUST INTAKEMEANS POSITIONED ON THE CAR ON EACH SIDE OF THE TRACK ANDF LOCATEDSUPERJACENT THE BILLET, A STATIONARY HEADER LOCATED PARALLEL TO THERAIL, MEANS ON THE CAR CONNECTING EACH OF THE FUME